Modals

Modals are helping verbs and can't stand on their own in a sentence. They are always followed by the infinitive (= base form of a verb).

We use modals when we want to express some ability, possibility, suggestion, request, obligation, prohibition, offer, promise, ask for permission, or something like that.

• I can swim. (ability)
• Can / Could / May I borrow your pencil, please? (permission)
• You must / should / ought to do your homework. (duty)
• You need to be here by 8 a.m. (necessity)
• You needn't / don't have to do it. (lack of necessity)
• You mustn't / can't smoke in here. (prohibition)
• You should be more patient. (advice)
• Will / Would / Can / Could you open the window? (request)
• Shall we eat out? (offer)

Now, check this quiz: